Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• to the expansion of these batteries into wider consumer markets, for which hard carbon, Si, Sn and Sb alloys, as well as phosphorous compounds are currently investigated [25][26][27]. This review focuses on the most recent designs of cathode materials for RT Na–S batteries, which attempt to overcome

• and improvement. Hard carbon anodes A somewhat more conventional approach to Na metal-free anodes is the use of hard carbon, also termed non-graphitizable carbon [82][85]. These are disorganized carbon materials with turbostratic nanoscale domains produced by pyrolysis of biomass, also including

• carbon black and other amorphous carbons. While Na+ does not insert in graphite in contrast to Li+, hard carbon can store considerable amounts of sodium in the range of 300 mAh·g−1 (Figure 10D) [82]. For their use in sodium batteries hard carbon materials can be pre-sodiated prior to the cell assembly

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• descriptors to the obtained capacities remains a scientific challenge. Keywords: alkaline-ion secondary battery; gas sorption porosimetry; hard carbon; irreversible capacity; ultramicroporosity; Introduction Lithium-ion battery (LIB)-based energy storage devices have been gaining high interest in the recent

• [8]. Historically, the first LIB introduced by Sony Corp. used a slightly disordered carbon, a so-called soft carbon (SC), which is graphitizable at temperatures of ca. 3000 °C, and later, from 1992, a more disordered hard carbon (HC), which is not graphitizable at temperatures of ca. 3000 °C as

• curves. The TPVs were calculated from the last adsorption measurement point of CO2 (at p/p0 = 0.029) and H2O adsorption (at p/p0 = 0.9). Electrode preparation The hard carbon electrodes were prepared by mixing HC powder (95 wt %) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF, Kynar HSV 900, Arkema, France) (5 wt

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• . After the formation, the EE and VE are very similar to each other, with the VE being slightly higher in each cycle. The EEs and VEs obtained in this work are in a very similar range to those reported by Meister et al. for hard carbon and graphite anodes, where a virtual lithium iron phosphate cathode

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• friction reduction when one of the opposing surfaces is much harder than the other, as well as the role of wear particles. In order to reduce wear, hard coatings such as metal oxides and hard carbon or diamond coatings are often employed. The adhesion term arises from the growth of junctions forming